Questions pg.229

1. List the main reasons for water scarce
a) Varations in climate
b) Land Degradation
c) Population Growth
d) Water Polution

2. What is a drought? What type of harships do you think that a drought could cause if you were living in a village in a poor country such as Ethiopia?
Drought is a period of dry weather that dries the land and ruins the crop, which will make people in poor countries starve.

3. How does land degradation affect the supply of fresh water?
If land degradation is happening, the water falling down to earth will run-off instead of letting it filtrate, also when it run-off a big amount of water, there will be flash flood.

4. (a) What is El Nino?
El Nino is a warm ocean current of variable intensity that develops after late December along the coast of Ecuador and Peru and sometimes causes catastrophic weather conditions.

(b) Why does El Nino often cause drought in Australia?
El Nino often cause drought in Australia, because the reverse of air pressure across the Pacific is resulted in high pressure systems building up over most of Australia.

5. Observe the map showing the global effects of El Nino is 1982-83.

(a) What effects does El Nino have on the availability if fresh water?
El Nino limits the fresh water.
(b) Name the countries and describe the problems that arose from decreased rainfall caused by El Nino.
Australia, Peru, US, Indonesia, Africa, China, Papua New Guinea, Philipines

Questions & Answers

1. What percentage of the world's supply of water is fresh water?
The percentage of the world's supply of freshwater is 2.5%.

2. Where is the world's supply of fresh water found?
2% is found in ice, 0.49% is found in groundwater or soil and 0.01% is found in the atmosphere, rivers and lakes.

3. Even thoough the supply of fresh water is abundant it is still a problem. Why?
Because of run-off and discharging is happening, there isn't much fresh water left.

4. Observe the map of world average annual precipitation (opposite).
a) Describe the changes in rainfall that occur as you move from the southern to the northern tip of Africa.
More rain will come recently than the sounthern tip.
b) Describe the changes in rainfall that occur as you move from the western to the eastern tip of Australia along the Tropic of Capricorn.
Rain will actually come often in eastern tip, not like the place in western tip of Australia.

5. Observe the map above of water availability per person.
a) Which parts of the world appear to have a large amount of water available per person?
I think the northern side of the map, which is top of asia, top of North America and Canada has the most amount of water available per person.
b) Which parts of the world appear to have a small amount of water per person?
Africa and Europe has the smallest amount of water per person in the map.

6. Observe the diagram of water use.
a) What are the main uses of water?
The main uses of water are Agricultural, Industrial, Community and lastly of all Reservoir.
b) Which uses have increased the most over the last century?
Reservoir has increased the most.

Bintaro Lama Field Trip

Bintaro Lama was our class's excitement during the week. We were all jumping up and down with joyness and excitement. When the clock, ticked to 9, all of us were dashing to the buses. Kayleigh and I was in Mr. Mckibben's bus. During the way to the place. Ben, Mr.Mckibben and us, 4 girls talked and laughed. Mr.Mckibben was so good at telling scary stories, we were knocked down with horror. One of the stories was the freaky moving mouth elmo doll. If you don't want nightmares, do not listen to Mr. Mckibben telling creepy stories. When we arrived, we were so scared that Alona, Elise, Kayleigh and I were shouting "ELMO BITES!!!". If you were there, you will know what happened next.

Our group started off with station 1, which I think is the most important process in there, kampung village. This station was to get the water from the aquifer below and infiltrate with rocks and sand. This process provides water to do other process, which makes the water potable. Water, which finished infiltrate will used to wash dishes and shower.

Next, we went to station 3. Station 3 will maybe important for recycling. This process use plastic bottles to fill the water from the last process and then let it look at the sun for 6 hours. If the weather is not sunny, it takes a longer time to make it potable.

After that we went to the final station, which is station6. There we learned how to measure with PH and graduated cylinder. With the graduated cylinder, we checked if we could see the x or a + in the bottom of the cylinder after the water had been poured. If you could, that means you could drink it, but to make it accurate, it will be better if we use the machine which measures PH. If it isn't clear, that means it could be used as washing dishes and etc.

After finishing 3 station, All the groups were together and sang-along the wash-your-hand song. Unfortunately, there was a lot of flies, but how the villagers treated us, was just so nice. I guess Field trips are always fun if we're together.

Bintaro Lama Project

All about Station 1, 3, and 6. Well, also the extra sing-along counts too.

Poem Practice

Field Trip to Water Treatment Plant

After the field trip to Bintaro Lama, this time we went to the Water Treatment Plant with our math and science teacher, Ms.Marrello. We jumped into the bus in7.30. All of our class was so excited, that we all sang the most popular songs during the way. I guess it took about an hour to reach there. Next to the Treatment Plant was a river covered with muddy colour. It was so dirty, that everyone said oh's and ew's. When the bus stopped and all of us dropped down, we got a guide and went to the first station.

The first station was 'Garbage Removal through Course&Fine Filters'. The first step of this station is to get the big garbages out from the river with the Course Filter by putting the picker deep inside, grab the garbages and pull it up to the trash can. The final step is to get the small garbages out from the river, which was taken out from the Course Filter. This station is one of the steps that removes the main garbages from the murky river.

The second station was 'Add in chemicals and stir to make floc'. They first add chemicals and stir it like the station says. After they stirred enough, there you could see all garbages sticking together with small bubbles and slimes, that bubbles and slimes are called floc. Floc is important to make the garbages stick together, making it heavier for the next station.

The third station was 'Allow sediment and floc to settle at the bottom'. Making the garbages heavier wasn't a waste of time. It actually made sediment and floc to settle at the bottom way quicker. This station is usually green and 8m deep.

The fourth station was 'Water is filtered through 1m of sand'. This station uses a special sand which also has to be the same size. Because the condition is so bad in Jakarta, they have to change the sand each hour.

The fifth station will be 'Chemical disinfected are added'. They put Chlorine to kill the bacterias, living in the river. This station will disadvantage to get sick by drinking the water.

The final station was 'Testing is done to make sure water is clean and safe'. ScientistS check if the water is potable by putting colored chemicals inside the sample water.

The trip was fun, but the day was hot, so was quite tiring too.